What Is The Youngest Age You Can Draw Social Security

Nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens and permanent residents

In the Us, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(two) of the Social Security Act, codified equally 42 U.South.C. § 405(c)(2). The number is issued to an private by the Social Security Assistants, an independent agency of the United States government. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Administration to runway individuals,^[1] the Social Security number has go a de facto national identification number for taxation and other purposes.^[ii]

A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card.^[3]

History [edit]

Social Security numbers were beginning issued past the Social Security Administration in November 1935 every bit part of the New Bargain Social Security programme. Within three months, 25 meg numbers were issued.^[4]

On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 mail offices were designated "typing centers" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new programme, Joseph Fifty. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and announced that the first Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. Withal, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological lodge, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That distinction belongs to Grace D. Owen of Concord, New Hampshire.^[5] ^[6]

Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about xiv,^[7] since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income.^[8] The Tax Reform Human action of 1986 required parents to listing Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of five for whom the parent wanted to claim a tax deduction.^[9] Earlier this deed, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to prevarication about the number of children they supported. During the start year of the Taxation Reform Human action, this anti-fraud change resulted in seven 1000000 fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by not-custodial parents.^[x] In 1988, the threshold was lowered to ii years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to one year quondam.^[eleven] Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption.^{[ citation needed ]} Since and then, parents accept oftentimes applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon afterward birth; today, it tin can exist washed on the application for a nativity certificate.^[12]

Purpose and utilize [edit]

The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. It has since come to be used equally an identifier for individuals inside the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates do exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.

Employee, patient, student, and credit records are sometimes indexed past Social Security number.

The U.S. Armed Forces accept used the Social Security number as an identification number for Army and Air Strength personnel since July 1, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since Jan i, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October 1, 1974.^[thirteen] Previously, the U.s.a. armed forces used a much more than complicated system of service numbers that varied by service.

Beginning in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from war machine identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the EDIPI.^[xiv]

Non-universal condition [edit]

An old Social Security carte du jour with the "not for identification" message

Social Security was originally a universal tax, but when Medicare was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system.^[15] Considering of this, not every American is part of the Social Security programme, and not everyone has a number. Even so, a Social Security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income revenue enhancement purposes,^[12] and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or culling identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The Onetime Order Amish have fought to forestall universal Social Security past overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.^[sixteen]

Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and carte for identification.^[17] Since nigh everyone in the Usa now has an SSN, information technology became convenient to use information technology anyway and the message was removed.^[xviii]

Since so, Social Security numbers have become de facto national identification numbers.^[2] Although some people do not take an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to appoint in legitimate fiscal activities such every bit applying for a loan or a bank business relationship without 1.^[xix] While the government cannot require an private to disembalm their SSN without a legal basis, companies may refuse to provide service to an individual who does not provide an SSN.^[20] ^[21] The card on which an SSN is issued is all the same not suitable for principal identification as it has no photograph, no concrete description, and no birth date. All it does is confirm that a detail number has been issued to a particular name. Instead, a commuter's license or state ID card is used as an identification for adults.

Use required for federal taxation purposes [edit]

Social Security card with legend "for Social Security and tax purposes" (1961)

Internal Acquirement Code department 6109(d) provides: "The social security account number issued to an individual for purposes of section 205(c)(ii)(A) of the Social Security Deed [codification every bit 42 U.S.C. § 405(c)(2)(A)] shall, except equally shall otherwise be specified nether regulations of the Secretary [of the Treasury or his delegate], exist used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this championship [the Internal Revenue Code, championship 26 of the U.s. Lawmaking]."^[22]

The Internal Revenue Code as well provides, when required by regulations prescribed by the secretarial assistant of the treasury or their delegate:

Inclusion in returns: Whatsoever person required under the authority of this championship to make a return, statement, or other document shall include in such return, statement, or other document such identifying number equally may exist prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.
Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a render, argument, or other document is required under the authority of this title to be made by some other person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall furnish to such other person such identifying number as may exist prescribed for securing their proper identification.^[23]

According to U.S. Treasury regulations, any person who, afterward Oct 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages field of study to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.Southward. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Course SS-v.^[24]

A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number.

[edit]

Four unlike classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued past geographic location (SSN Area Number) to:

persons of natural birth within the territorial boundaries of any ane of the member States of the Usa of America;
persons who become U.S. citizens by adjuration, or birth within the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;
persons who get U.S. permanent residents;
persons with sure restrictions.

There are 2 restricted types of Social Security cards:

One reads "non valid for employment." Such cards cannot be used as proof of work authorization, and are not acceptable as a List C document on the I-9 form.
The other reads "valid for work only with DHS authorization", or the older, "valid for work only with INS authorization." These cards are issued to people who have temporary work say-so in the U.S from the Department of Homeland Security -- the nation'due south border agency. They can satisfy the I-9 requirement, if they are accompanied past a work authorization carte du jour.

The cards commonly display the cardholder's proper noun and number.

In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to prevent forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and Government Printing Role (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Force created by the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretary of Homeland Security.

The new SSN bill of fare blueprint utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO design teams.

Identity theft [edit]

Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers. Furthermore, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly bachelor personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.^[25]

The SSN is oftentimes used by those involved in identity theft. This is because it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for it treat it as an authenticator. Fiscal institutions generally require an SSN to fix depository financial institution accounts, credit cards, and loans—partly because they assume that no i except the person it was issued to knows information technology.

Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security card contains no biometric identifiers of whatsoever sort, making it essentially incommunicable to tell whether a person using a sure SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself have been falsely procured through utilize of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their apply for a number of commercial purposes—eastward.g., rental applications.^[26]

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Revenue enhancement return preparers must obtain and use a Preparer Tax Identification Number (PTIN) to include on their client's revenue enhancement returns (as office of signature requirements).^[27] Day care services have tax benefits, and fifty-fifty a sole proprietor should requite parents an EIN (employer identification number) to utilise on their revenue enhancement render.

The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should ask which law requires its use.^[28] In accordance with §7213 of the 9/11 Committee Implementation Act of 2004 and 20 CFR 422.103, the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally limited to iii per agenda twelvemonth and ten in a lifetime.^[28]

Identity defoliation has also occurred because of the utilise of local Social Security numbers by the Federated States of Federated states of micronesia, the Democracy of the Marshall islands, and the Democracy of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.^[29]

Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued information for hackers to gain in attacks such as social engineering attacks, where attackers endeavor and manipulate people into disclosing individual information. For case, in the social technology assault involving Hewlett-Packard, executives hired private investigators to manipulate telephone companies into disclosing calling information and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the printing.

Replacement numbers [edit]

A person can request a new Social Security number, only only under certain conditions:^[xxx]

Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the aforementioned family unit are causing problems.
In the upshot of duplicates having been issued.
In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a clear need to change their number for their personal safety.^[31]
When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and his/her Social Security number continues to be problematic.
Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such every bit certain Christians being averse to the number 666).

For all of these atmospheric condition, credible tertiary-party evidence such as a restraining order or law report is required.

Construction [edit]

The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS".^[32] The number is divided into iii parts: the outset iii digits, known as the area number because they were formerly assigned by geographical region; the heart two digits, known as the grouping number; and the final four digits, known as the serial number.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA inverse the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".^[33] SSN randomization afflicted the SSN assignment procedure in the following means:

It eliminated the geographical significance of the beginning three digits of the SSN, referred to every bit the area number, by no longer allocating specific numbers by country for assignment to individuals.
It eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each expanse number, and, every bit a upshot, the Loftier Grouping Listing is frozen in fourth dimension and tin can be used for validation of only those SSNs issued prior to the randomization implementation date.
Previously unassigned area numbers have been introduced for assignment, excluding surface area numbers 000, 666 and 900–999.

Because Private Taxpayer Identification Numbers (ITINs) are issued by the IRS, they were not affected by this SSA change.

Historical structure [edit]

Prior to the 2011 randomization process, the first three digits or area numbers were assigned past geographical region. Prior to 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country and the area number represented the office code where the card was issued. This did not necessarily accept to be in the expanse where the bidder lived, since a person could use for their card in whatsoever Social Security role. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from Baltimore, the expanse number was assigned based on the ZIP Code in the mailing accost provided on the awarding for the original Social Security card. The applicant's mailing address did not have to be the same as their place of residence. Thus, the area number did not necessarily represent the state of residence of the applicant regardless of whether the carte du jour was issued prior to, or after, 1973.

Mostly, numbers were assigned beginning in the northeast and moving south and westward, so that people applying from addresses on the eastward coast had the lowest numbers and those on the west coast had the highest numbers. As the areas assigned to a locality were exhausted, new areas from the pool were assigned, so some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers.

The centre two digits or group number range from 01 to 99. Even before SSN randomization, the group numbers were not assigned consecutively inside an expanse. Instead, for administrative reasons, group numbers were issued in the following guild:^[34]

odd numbers from 01 through 09
fifty-fifty numbers from x through 98
fifty-fifty numbers from 02 through 08
odd numbers from xi through 99

As an example, group number 98 would exist issued before 11.

The last iv digits, which are serial numbers, "are the nearly of import to protect" and they tin can "open up credit in your name, steal your money" and more.^[35] Before SSN randomization took issue, they represented a straight numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 inside the grouping.

Valid SSNs [edit]

Prior to June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not have an area number between 734 and 749, or above 772, the highest surface area number the Social Security Assistants had allocated. Effective June 25, 2011, the SSA assigns SSNs randomly and allows for the assignment of area numbers between 734 and 749 and higher up 772 through the 800s.^[36] This should not be confused with Tax Identification Numbers (TINs), which include additional area numbers.^[37]

Some special numbers are never allocated:

Numbers with all zeros in any digit grouping (000-##-####, ###-00-####, ###-##-0000).^[38] ^[39]
Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the offset digit group.^[38]

Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each area number.^[40] Since group numbers were allocated in a regular design, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that contained an invalid group number. Now numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are not easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, however, provide SSN validation.

Different many similar numbers, no check digit is included.

Exhaustion and re-use [edit]

The Social Security Administration does non reuse Social Security numbers. It has issued over 450 1000000 since the get-go of the program, and at a apply rate of about 5.five million per year. Information technology says it has enough to concluding several generations without reuse or changing the number of digits.^[41] Nonetheless, there have been instances where multiple individuals take been inadvertently assigned the same Social Security number.^[42]

SSNs used in advertising [edit]

Some SSNs used in advertising have rendered those numbers invalid. One famous case of this occurred in 1938 when the Due east. H. Ferree Company in Lockport, New York, decided to promote its product by showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample carte, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold by Woolworth and other department stores beyond the state; the wallet manufacturer'due south vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretary, Hilda Schrader Whitcher.

Even though the carte was printed in red (the real card is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed across the front, many people used Whitcher'southward SSN as their ain. The Social Security Assistants'due south account of the incident too claims that the fake card was half the size of a real card, despite a miniature menu being useless for its purpose and despite Whitcher'south holding two cards of evidently identical size in the accompanying photograph. Over time, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a full of over xl,000 people as their own.^[43] The SSA initiated an advertizement entrada stating that information technology was incorrect to use the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). Nonetheless, the number was constitute to be in utilise past 12 individuals equally late as 1977.^[43]

More recently, Todd Davis distributed his SSN in advertisements for his company'southward LifeLock identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.^[44] ^[45]

[edit]

Listing showing the geographical location of the showtime three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the Usa and its territories from 1973 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers bespeak that they have been transferred to another location or they're shared by more than one location.

On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".^[46] SSN randomization affects the SSN consignment process. Among its changes, information technology eliminates the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Surface area Numbers for assignment to individuals in specific states.

SSN area number	Location^[47]
001–003	New Hampshire
004–007	Maine
008–009	Vermont
010–034	Massachusetts
035–039	Rhode Island
040–049	Connecticut
050–134	New York
135–158	New Bailiwick of jersey
159–211	Pennsylvania
212–220	Maryland
221–222	Delaware
223–231	Virginia
232–236	West Virginia
232, 237–246	North Carolina
247–251	South Carolina
252–260	Georgia
261–267	Florida
268–302	Ohio
303–317	Indiana
318–361	Illinois
362–386	Michigan
387–399	Wisconsin
400–407	Kentucky
408–415	Tennessee
416–424	Alabama
425–428	Mississippi
429–432	Arkansas
433–439	Louisiana
440–448	Oklahoma
449–467	Texas
468–477	Minnesota
478–485	Iowa
486–500	Missouri
501–502	North Dakota
503–504	South Dakota
505–508	Nebraska
509–515	Kansas
516–517	Montana
518–519	Idaho
520	Wyoming
521–524	Colorado
525, 585	New United mexican states
526–527	Arizona
528–529	Utah
530, 680	Nevada
531–539	Washington
540–544	Oregon
545–573	California
574	Alaska
575–576	Hawaii
577–579	District of Columbia
580	U.S. Virgin Islands
580–584	Puerto Rico
586	Pacific Bounding main territories Guam American Samoa Philippine Islands (under U.S. rule until 1946) Northern Mariana Islands
587–665	California (Southern California and the Central Valley) & Us Armed services Bases Worldwide
667–679	Not issued
681–699	Not issued
700–728	Railroad Retirement Lath (discontinued July 1, 1963)
729–730	Enumeration at entry
750-751	Hawaii
752-755	Mississippi
756-763	Tennessee
764-765	Arizona
766-772	Florida

Encounter also [edit]

Death Master File
National identification number
Personally identifiable information

References [edit]

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^ twenty CFR 422.103(b)
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^
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^ "Did y'all know…? The concluding four digits of your Social Security ..."
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External links [edit]

Social Security Administration
The states Social Security Death Index—Database list over 85 million SSNs, all of which entered the public domain upon the death of their owners
"Woolworth SSN Card"—"The background of the most misused Social Security number in history" at Snopes
Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth: "The most misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."
Complete list of area number groups from the Social Security Administration
Social Security Administration'southward FAQ for Social Security Numbers
Social Security menu awarding
Hearing on Removing Social Security Numbers from Medicare Cards—Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Social Security and Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Ways and Means, U.South. House of Representatives, I Hundred Twelfth Congress, 2nd Session, Baronial ane, 2012
How to Replace a Lost or Stolen Security Menu
Puckett, Carolyn (2009). "The Story of the Social Security Number". Social Security Bulletin. 69 (2): 55–74. PMID 19697506. Retrieved Oct xix, 2018. (PDF version)